Sunday, February 1, 2015

THE WORLD IS FLAT; A brief history of the 21st Century

By; Jay Senap
 
The World is flat by Thomas L. Friedman (a multi-awarded writer-journalist), is an international bestselling and interesting book written and published by himself, analyzing and describing globalization and the brief history of the twenty-first century.  A very intriguing topic for our final exam’s case study report for this relates me as a student and as a Call Center agent, very interesting topic for this correlates on where we are now and why the Philippines is said to leapfrog to the 16th spot being the world’s largest economy by 2050.

Knowing the history of globalization is indeed interesting for me for without this technological and economic transition, I, together with those who are active employees in the BPO industry, as well as those who have been a part of a BPO company, might have not experienced or enjoyed the benefits that this job has provided, if this thing was not realized and was not bring outsourced and overseas., the main reason why I was fueled to write a review and or interpretation on the work of Thomas Friedman, a case study report assigned by Prof. Battung.

His books, including this one - THE WORLD IS FLAT; a brief history of the 21st Century, was given honorary distinctions for it bravely explains the world facing us. Here, he illustrated and defined the world as “flat” because technology and collaborative economies have created an entirely new playing field. His book aims to change all our theories on economics, politics and job. His book accordingly will increase competition and require not only an emphasis on new skills sets but a much more self-reliant, creative and innovative mindset.

 

While the author often times uses the style of mixing metaphors and analogies (that often confuses his readers), he does however meant to educate the world and his readers about what is exactly happening beyond the sight of our very own eyes. Thus, for him, the flattening of the world means we are now connecting all the knowledge centers on the planet together into a single global network which has the possibility of ushering in an amazing era of prosperity and innovation. A very good example of this was the shift from manual labor skilled to skilled labor moving overseas.

In his flat world, any activity that can be digitize and decompose the value chain will be moved overseas. For example, Many CAT scans done in the U.S. hospitals are being sent and analyzed by doctors in India and Australia, thus, Medical transcription job was created and employed thousands of people around the world. Tax returns are done in India making $100 a month and Inbound and outbound calls from companies like Dell, GE, SAP and MICROSOFT are being transferred directly to India and China. This is why Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) or the “Call Center” industry as well as Home Sourcing (moving jobs from Office to Home) became in-demand nowadays, because these companies are not only saving millions on the lower cost, but they are also getting a better quality of workers and increase in work efficiency.

Globalization 3.0 is his other term for this piece, as accordingly technology has taken in this era and which brought globalization to the next level. Prior to this book, His book “The Lexus and the Olive Tree” illustrates and defines the beginning of globalization where he state that the first era of globalization begins in 1942 and lasted ‘till 1800. The second era lasted from 1800 to 2000 where multinational companies changed the landscape and shrunk the world from medium to small despite the great depression the World Wars 1 & 2 together with the Cold War brought us. While the first and the second eras were driven by Europe and America, this new era is now being driven by non-Western, non-White countries like China and India.

In this book, he also cited ways on how his countrymen can and must do to level up their skills becoming more competitive and employable under the so called “flat world”, as everyone around the globe are given equal chance to a fair and just employment processes. He reiterates the real meaning of the phrase “The World is Flat” to mean global competitive playing field is being leveled., thus, it is now possible for more people than ever to collaborate and compete in real time with more other people on more different kinds of job from more different corners of the planet and in a more equal footing than at any previous time in the history of the world.

The Author believes that this “flattening” of the world is the result of ten factors: Flattener 1 – 11/9/89, “Collapse of the Berlin Wall”. This is a discussion about the Berlin Wall coming down, the "fall" of communism, and the impact that Windows powered PCs (personal computers) had on the ability of individuals to create their own content and connect to one another. At that point, the basic platform for the revolution to follow was created: IBM PC, Windows, a standardized graphical interface for word processing, dial-up modems, a standardized tool for communication, and a global phone network. Flattener 2 – 8/9/95, “The new age of Connectivity: When the Web went around and Netscape went public”. Netscape went public at the price of $28. Netscape and the Web broadened the audience for the Internet from its roots as a communications medium used primarily by "early adopters and geeks" to something that made the Internet accessible to everyone from five-year-olds to ninety-five-year-olds. The digitization that took place meant that everyday occurrences such as words, files, films, music, and pictures could be accessed and manipulated on a computer screen by all people across the world.

Flattener 3 – “Workflow Software”. This is what Friedman called the "Genesis moment of the flat world." For he believes these first three forces have become a "crude foundation of a whole new global platform for collaboration." There was an emergence of software protocols (SMTP – simple mail transfer protocol; HTML – the language that enabled anyone to design and publish documents that could be transmitted to and read on any computer anywhere) Standards on Standards. Flattener 4 – “Uploading”. The stage which he consider as the most disrupted force of all. Users have come up in uploading and collaborating for and on online projects. The stage where open source software, blogs, and Wikipedia was introduced in the public. Flattener 5 – “Outsourcing”. He argues that outsourcing has allowed companies to split service and manufacturing activities into components which can be subcontracted and performed in the most efficient, cost-effective way. This process became easier with the mass distribution of fiber optic cables during the introduction of the World Wide Web.

Flattener 6 – “Offshoring”. The internal relocation of a company's manufacturing or other processes to a foreign land to take advantage of less costly operations there. China's entrance in the WTO (World Trade Organization) allowed for greater competition in the playing field. Flattener 7 – “Supply Chaining”. The author compares the modern retail supply chain to a river, and points to Wal-Mart as the best example of a company using technology to streamline item sales, distribution, and shipping. Flattener 8 – “Insourcing”. To further describe what he meant by this level, He uses United Postal Service (UPS) as his prime example for insourcing, in which the company's employees perform services (beyond shipping) for another company. For example, UPS repairs Toshiba computers on behalf of Toshiba. The work is done at the UPS hub, by UPS employees.

Flattener 9 – “Informing”. In this level, he uses Google and other search engines as his prime examples, for he stated that the growth of search engines is tremendous. He quoted that "Never before in the history of the planet have so many people – on their own – had the ability to find so much information about so many things and about so many other people.” Flattener 10 – “The Steroids”. The level where introduction of Wireless, Voice over Internet, and file sharing is made accessible to everyone. Personal digital devices like mobile phones, iPods, personal digital assistants, instant messaging, voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), as well as the introduction of Digital, Mobile, Personal and Virtual – all analog content and processes (from entertainment to photography and to word processing) can be digitized and therefore shaped, manipulated and transmitted. These processes can be done at high speed with total ease that can be done anywhere, anytime by anyone.

Few has reacted and thrown commentaries about this award winning piece written by himself, these comments are often regarded to Friedman’s views and styles which he often used on his books, which accordingly is somewhat confusing. Among them was  Matt Taibbi who specifically said that "Friedman came up with lines so hilarious you couldn't make them up even if you were trying – and when you tried to actually picture the 'illustrative' figures of speech he offered to explain himself, what you often ended up with was pure physical comedy of the Buster Keaton/Three Stooges school, with whole nations and peoples slipping and falling on the misplaced banana peels of his literary endeavors”.

As a student and as a full time Call Center Agent, I don’t mind looking into these things – on how good a writer is in expressing his thoughts and opinions with the use of any figurative language styles. For me, as long as the writer is able to deliver the message that he is trying to convey, he is good and effective enough. And summarizing Mr. Friedman’s work and his contributions in nation building and educating not only his countrymen, but the readers of his works worldwide, I can say that he was able to portray and deliver what he exactly intended to, for writing and publishing this book.

This book (THE WORLD IS FLAT; A brief history of the 21st Century) is great especially for those people who are until this very time is wondering as to why we have contact centers, how are they developed and what exactly are their contribution to local and global economy. The same thing applies to the masses’ common questions about the rapid changes in technology such as the billions of manufactured high end devices like smartphones, which was made so powerful for it is being installed and programmed with more features like applications, games, even the introduction of spreadsheet and other programs which allows all users to access their office documents even at the convenience of their home. Another great feature that everyone loves the most is the introduction of Wi-Fi or internet access on their mobile phones, where everyone else can easily access the worldwide web and phish for the information they needed. Given a chance to rate the work, I will give it a hundred percent approval and will surely recommend it to all the people I know, especially to students taking economy class as this book will help them fully understand the essence of globalization, its evolution and its important contributions to the rising economy of one’s nation.

 

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